Criminological
psychology
*Criminological
psychologists are involved in rehabilitating offenders, providing expert advice
in court cases, assessing both offender and victims ,preventing crime and much
more
*Psychological
methods have been used by the police and legal system since the early 1900s
*Criminological
psychology as a specific branch of
psychology emerged since 1960.
*It is just one
of number of discipline devoted to policing and legal practices which include
criminology, sociology, psychiatry and law.
* Environment
and Behavior
*Approaches of
criminological psychology
*Cognitive
psychology-internal mental process.
*Social
Psychology-situational and group influences.
*Development
approach-morality and personality.
*Learning
approach-behavior modification.
*Physiological
or biopsychology-nervous system ,hormones and genetics on behavior
*Psychodynamic
approach-early childhood to later in life.
*Types of
Criminological Psychology
*Forensic
psychology :
*It has been
taken by some to refer to clinical psychologist who primarily work with
offender (psycho-legal studies, expert evidence)
*Offender
profiling:
* In reality,
the psychologist examines evidence to look for links between what goes on at
the crime scene, and the types of person who may have committed the crime.
* Humanistic
Psychological Factors: Human being are motivated by a hierarchy of basic needs
*Physiological
(food, water and procreational sex)
*Safer
(Security, stability, freedom from fear, anxiety ,chaos)
*Belongingness
and love (friendship, love, affection, acceptance)
*Esteem
(self-esteem and the esteem of others)
*Self-actualization
(being true to one’s nature,
becoming everything that one is capable of becoming)
*Offender
Profiling
*
The FBI Approach: Crime scene analysis-In 1979,officer from
the FBI behavioural science unit started conducting interviews, together with
accumulated data from investigations ,suggest that murderers and rapists can be
classified into different types according to motive, level of violence,
likelihood of repeat offences an so on.
*
Offender Profiling in the UK: Investigative psychology –The UK
approach to offender profiling began when professor David Canter was approached
by the metropolitan police to advise on whether psychology could be of any use
to police investigation. The consistency principal has been applied to two
areas based in the psychological literature :interaction between victim and the
offender (mental maps) and the geographical area in which the offender commits
his or her crimes (spatial consistency).
*Psychogenic
concepts
*
Psychological Explanation: The psychological approach to the problem of crime causation
has been concerned largely with an exploration of the relationship between
mental deficiency (feeble mindedness) and crime. Its determined by two factors-temperament and environment .
*
Psychiatric Explanation: Psychiatry is a specialized field of
medicine which specializes in the understanding, diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of mental problems (mental disorder). Psychiatrists have given three types of mental disorder i.) schizophrenia
ii) manic-depressive iii) paranoia
*
Psychoanalytical Explanation: Psychoanalysis is a special
branch of psychiatry ,employing a particular personality factors and a
particular method of psycho-therapy .Three elements of Id, Ego, and Super -ego are psycho dynamic patterns of psychoanalytical explanation
(odlpus and electra complex).
* Psychological
Factors in Crime
*Physical
handicaps
*Frustration,
wish blockages and personality
*Mental
abnormalities
*Psychopathic
personality
*Personality
traits
*Jealousness
*Inferiority
complex
*Ideological
conflict
*Feeblemindedness
*Mental
abnormalities
*
Mental Deficiency: implies subnormal intelligence i.e., lack
of mental development or low intelligence level (i.e., I.Q. less than 75).A
person with an I.Q of more than 75 is considered a mentally normal person while
a person with an I.Q of 50 to 70 is called a moron, with 20 to 50 is called an
imbecile and with less than 20 is called an idiot.
*
Mental Disease: Mental disease of mental disorder is defined
as a state of mental imbalance or derangement which prevents a person from
assuming responsibility for his own support or cause him to be a positive
menace to the safety of the community. The mental disease may either be of
psychosis (a person loses contact with world ) type or Neurosis (a person
socially and personally less efficient)
type.
*The
personality of Rapist (psychodynamic patterns)
*Power rapist
*Anger rapist
*Sadistic
rapist
